Hockey

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For the 1980 John Zorn album, see Hockey (album). For the
American new wave band, see Hockey (band).

Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play
against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent's
goal using a hockey
stick.

Contents

1 History

2 Field
hockey

3 Ice hockey

4 Roller hockey

4.1 Inline

4.2 Quad

5 Sledge hockey

5.1 Inline sledge
hockey

6 Street
hockey

7 Other forms of
hockey

8 References

9 External
links

History

An Ancient Greek game,
similar to and possibly ancestral to field hockey and ground billiards (bas relief dating to
ca. 600 BC, in the National
Archaeological Museum of Athens).[1]

Games played with curved sticks and a ball
have been found throughout history and the world. There are 4000-year-old
drawings from Egypt. Hurling
dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a
depiction from ca. 600 BC in Ancient Greece where the
game may have been called kerētízein or kerhtízein (κερητίζειν)
because it was played with a horn (kéras, κέρας)[2]
or horn-like stick. In Inner Mongolia, China, the Daur people have been
playing beikou, a game
similar to modern field hockey, for about 1,000 years.[3]
There were hockey-like games throughout Europe during the Middle Ages[citation
needed] and the word "hockey" was recorded in 1363 when Edward III of England issued
the proclamation: "[m]oreover we ordain that you prohibit under penalty of
imprisonment all and sundry from such stone, wood and iron throwing; handball,
football, or hockey; coursing and cock-fighting, or other such idle games."[4][clarification
needed]

Field hockey

Field hockey game at Melbourne
University.

Main article: Field hockey

Field hockey is played on gravel, natural grass, sand-based or water-based artificial turf, with a
small, hard ball. The game is popular among both males and females in many parts
of the world, particularly in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In most
countries, the game is played between single-sex sides, although they can be
mixed-sex.

The governing body is the 116-member International
Hockey Federation (FIH). Men's field hockey has been played at each summer
Olympic Games since 1908 (except 1912 and 1924), while women's field hockey
has been played at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980.

Modern field hockey sticks
are J-shaped and constructed of a composite of wood, glass fibre or carbon fibre
(sometimes both) and have a curved hook at the playing end, a flat surface on
the playing side and curved surface on the rear side. While current field hockey
appeared in the mid-18th century in England, primarily in schools,
it was not until the first half of the 19th century that it became firmly
established. The first club was created in 1849 at Blackheath in
south-east London. Field
hockey is the national
sport of India and Pakistan.[5]

Ice hockey

The Barrie Colts and the Brampton Battalion in
an ice hockey
game.

Main article: Ice hockey

Ice hockey is played on
a large flat area of ice, using a three inch (76.2 mm) diameter vulcanized
rubber disc called a puck. This puck is often
frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction
on the ice. The game is contested between two teams of skaters. The game is
played all over North America, Europe and in many other countries around the
world to varying extent. It is the most popular sport in Canada, Finland, Latvia, the Czech Republic, and in Slovakia.

The governing body of international play is the 66-member International
Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Men's ice hockey has been played at the Winter
Olympics since 1924, and was in the 1920 Summer
Olympics. Women's ice hockey was added to the Winter Olympics in
1998. North
America's National Hockey
League (NHL) is the strongest professional ice hockey league, drawing top
ice hockey players from around the globe. The NHL rules are slightly different
from those used in Olympic ice hockey: the periods are 20 minutes long, counting
downwards. There are three periods.

Ice hockey sticks are
long L-shaped sticks made of wood, graphite, or composites with a
blade at the bottom that can lie flat on the playing surface when the stick is
held upright and can curve either way, legally, as to help a left- or right-handed player gain an
advantage.

There are early representations and reports of ice hockey-type games being
played on ice in the Netherlands, and reports
from Canada from the beginning
of the nineteenth century, but the modern game was initially organized by
students at McGill
University, Montreal in
1875 who, by two years later, codified the first set of ice hockey rules and
organized the first teams.

Ice hockey is played at a number of levels, by all ages.

Further information: minor
hockey

Roller hockey

Inline

Inline roller hockey

Main article: Inline hockey

Inline hockey is a
variation of roller
hockey very similar to ice
hockey, from which it is derived. Inline hockey is played by two teams,
consisting of four skaters and one goalie, on a dry rink divided into two halves
by a center line, with one net at each end of the rink. The game is played in
three 15-minute periods with a variation of the ice hockey off-side rule. Icings
are also called, but are usually referred to as illegal clearing. For rink
dimensions and an overview of the rules of the game, see IIHF Inline Rules (official rules). Some leagues and competitions do not follow
the IIHF regulations, in particular USA Inline and Canada
Inline.

Quad

Main article: Roller hockey
(quad)

Roller hockey
(quad) is the overarching name for a roller sport that has existed since
long before inline skates were invented. Roller hockey has been played in sixty
countries worldwide[citation
needed] and thus has many names worldwide. The sport is also known
as quad hockey, international style ball hockey, rink hockey and hardball
hockey. Roller hockey was a demonstration roller sport at the 1992 Barcelona Summer
Olympics.

Sledge hockey

Main article: Sledge
hockey

Sledge hockey is a form of
ice hockey designed for players with physical disabilities affecting their
lower bodies. Players sit on double-bladed sledges and use two sticks; each
stick has a blade at one end and small picks at the other. Players use the
sticks to pass, stickhandle and shoot the puck, and to propel their sledges. The
rules are very similar to IIHF
ice hockey rules.[6]

Canada is a recognized
international leader in the development of the sport, and of equipment for
players. Much of the equipment for the sport was first developed in Canada, such
as sledge hockey sticks laminated
with fiberglass, as well as
aluminum shafts with hand carved insert blades and special aluminum sledges with
regulation skate blades.

Inline sledge
hockey

Based on ice sledge hockey, inline sledge hockey is played to the same rules
as inline puck hockey (essentially ice hockey played off ice using inline
skates) and has been made possible by the design and manufacture of inline
sledges by RGK, Europe’s premier sports wheelchair maker.

There is no classification point system dictating who can play inline sledge
hockey, unlike the situation with other team sports such as wheelchair
basketball and wheelchair rugby. Inline sledge hockey is being developed to
allow everyone, regardless of whether they have a disability or not, to complete
up to world championship level based solely on talent and ability. This makes
inline sledge hockey truly inclusive.

The first game of inline sledge hockey was played at Bisley, England, on the
19th of December 2009 between the Hull Stingrays and the Grimsby Redwings. Matt
Lloyd is credited with inventing inline sledge hockey, and Great Britain is
seen as the international leader in the game's development.

Street hockey

Main article: Street hockey

Another form of popular hockey is street hockey, sometimes
known as road hockey. This is usually played with the same rules as ice hockey,
or roller hockey, but on the street. Most of the time, a ball is used instead of
a puck, because a puck generates too much friction on an asphalt or cement surface and does not
slide. Street hockey is played year round.

Other forms of
hockey

Other games derived from hockey or its predecessors include the
following:

Box Hockey being played in Miami, FL
1935

Air hockey is played
indoors with a puck on an air-cushion table.

Beach
hockey, a variation of street hockey, is a common sight on Southern
California beaches.

Ball hockey is
played in a gym using sticks and a ball, often a tennis ball with the fuzz
removed.

Box hockey, hockey
between two people with the rink being a small walled box.

Unicycle hockey

Bandy is played with a
ball on a football
field-sized ice arena, typically outdoors, and with many rules similar to
association
football

Box hockey is a
school yard game played by two people. The object of the game is to move a
hockey puck from the center of the box out through a hole placed at the end of
the box (known as the goal). Each player kneels and faces one another on
either side of the box, and each attempts to move the puck to the hole on
their left.

Broomball is played
on an ice hockey rink, but with a ball instead of a puck and a "broom"
(actually a stick with a small plastic implement on the end) in place of the
ice hockey stick. Instead of using skates, special shoes are used that have
very soft rubbery soles to maximize grip while running around.

Deck hockey is
traditionally played by the Royal Navy on the ships'
decks, using short wooden 'L' shaped sticks.

Floor hockey is a
form of hockey played on foot,on flat, smooth floor surface. It is usually
played inside in gymnasiums and such.

Floorball, is a form
of hockey played in a gymnasium or in sport halls. A whiffle ball is used
instead of a plastic ball, and the sticks are made from composite materials.
The sticks are only one meter long.

Foot hockey or sock
hockey is played using a bald tennis ball or rolled up pair of socks and using
only the feet. It is popular at elementary schools in the winter.

Gym hockey is a form of ice hockey played in a gymnasium. It uses sticks
with foam ends and a foam ball or a plastic puck.

Hurling and Camogie are Irish games bearing some
resemblance to - and notable differences from - hockey.

Indoor field
hockey is an indoor variation of field hockey.

Mini hockey In the
United States is a form of hockey (also known as "mini-sticks") which is
played in basements of houses. Players get down on their knees, using a
miniature plastic stick, usually about 15 inches (38 cm) long to
maneuver a small ball or a soft, fabric covered mini puck into a miniature
goals. In England 'mini hockey' refers to a seven-a-side version of field
hockey, played on an area equivalent to half a normal pitch for younger
players

Nok Hockey is a
table-top version of hockey played with no defense and a small block in front
of the goal.

Power hockey is a
form of hockey for persons requiring the use of an electric (power) wheelchair
in daily life. PowerHockey is a competitive sports opportunity for the
physically disabled.

Ringette is an ice
hockey variant that was designed for female players; it uses a straight stick
and a rubber ring in place of a puck. Note: Ringette distances itself from
hockey as it has its own set of rules and is closely related to a mix of
lacrosse and basketball.

Rinkball is a Scandinavian
team sport, played in an ice hockey rink with a ball.

Rossall hockey is a
variation played at Rossall School on the
sea shore in the winter months. Its rules are a mix of field hockey, rugby and the Eton wall game.

Shinny is an informal
version of ice hockey.

Shinty is a Scottish game
now played primarily in the Highlands

Skater hockey is
a variant of inline hockey, played with a ball.

Spongee is a cross
between ice hockey and broomball and is most popular in Manitoba, Canada. A
stick and puck are used as in hockey (the puck is a softer version called a
"sponge puck"), and the same soft-soled shoes used in broomball are worn. The
rules are basically the same as ice hockey, but one variation has an extra
player on the ice called a "rover".

Table hockey is
played indoors with a table-top game.

Underwater
hockey is played on the bottom of a swimming pool.

Unicycle hockey is similar to roller or inline hockey, however, each
player must be mounted on their unicycle (with both feet on
the pedals) to play at the ball.

References

^
Stein, Victor; Rubino, Paul (2008) [1st ed. 1994].
The Billiard Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Balkline
Press. pp. 2, 5, 27. ISBN 978-0-615-17092-3.

^ Oikonomos, G.
"Κερητίζοντες". Archaiologikon Deltion 6 (1920-1921): 56-59; there are
clear depictions of the game, but the identification with the name κερητίζειν
is disputed at http://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2010/03/29/keretizein/
(English summary at http://hellenisteukontos.blogspot.com/2010/03/ancient-greek-field-hockey.html)

^ McGrath, Charles (August 22, 2008). "A Chinese Hinterland, Fertile with Field Hockey". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/sports/olympics/23hockey.html. Retrieved 2008-08-23.

^ http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/originsofrugby.htm
accessed 2009-03-12

^ Hockey,Field Hockey,Hockey Game,Hockey Sports,Hockey
History,Hockey India

^ International
Paralympic Committee. "Ice Sledge Hockey — Rulebook" (PDF). http://www.paralympic.org/release/Winter_Sports/Ice_Sledge_Hockey/About_the_sport/Rules/ice_sledge_hockey_rulebook.pdf. Retrieved October 11, 2006.

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Categories: Hockey

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