Education in England

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(June 2007)

Education in
England

Department
for Education
Department
for Business, Innovation and Skills

Secretary
of State (Education)
Minister for Universities and Science (BIS)

Michael Gove
David
Willetts

National education budget
(2008–09)

Budget:

£62.2 billion[1][2]

General Details

Primary Languages:

English

System Type:

National

Compulsory education

1880

Literacy (2003[3])

Total:

99 %

Male:

99 %

Female:

99 %

Enrollment

Total:

11.7 million

Primary:

4.4 million[4]

Secondary:

3.6 million[4]

Post Secondary:

3.7 million[5][6]

Attainment

Secondary
diploma

50.6%[7]

Post-secondary
diploma

30.9%[7]

v • d • e

Education in England is overseen by the Department for
Education and the Department
for Business, Innovation and Skills. At local level, local
authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for public education and state
schools.

Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 16
(inclusive). Students may then continue their secondary studies for a further
two years (sixth form), leading most
typically to an A level qualification, although
other qualifications and courses exist, including Business
and Technology Education Council (BTEC) qualifications and the International
Baccalaureate. The leaving age for compulsory education was raised to 18 by
the Education and
Skills Act 2008. The change will take effect in 2013 for 17-year-olds and
2015 for 18-year-olds.[8]
State-provided schools are free of charge to students, and there is also a
tradition of independent
schooling, but parents may choose to educate their children by any suitable
means.

Higher education typically begins with a 3-year Bachelor's Degree.
Postgraduate degrees include Master's Degrees,
either taught or by research, and Doctor of
Philosophy, a research degree that usually takes at least three years.
Universities require a Royal charter in order to
issue degrees, and all but one are financed by the state with a low level of
fees for home and European Union
students.

Contents

1 Primary and secondary
education

1.1 The state-funded school
system

1.1.1 School
years

1.1.2 Curriculum

1.1.3 School
governance

1.1.4 Secondary schools
by intake

1.2 Independent
schools

1.3 Education otherwise
than by schooling

1.4 Further
education

2 Higher education

2.1 Postgraduate
education

2.2 Specialist
qualifications

2.3 Fees

3 Adult
education

4 History

5 See also

6 References

7 External
links

[edit]
Primary and secondary
education

The school year begins on 1 September.[9]
Education is compulsory for all children from their fifth birthday to the last
Friday in June of the school year in which they turn 16.[10][11]
This will be raised in 2013 to the year in which they turn 17 and in 2015 to the
year in which they turn 18.[8]

[edit]
The state-funded
school system

State-run schools and colleges are financed through national taxation, and take pupils free of
charge between the ages of 3 and 18. The schools may levy charges for activities
such as swimming, theatre visits and field trips, provided the charges are
voluntary, thus ensuring that those who cannot afford to pay are allowed to
participate in such events. Approximately 93% of English schoolchildren attend
such schools.

A significant minority of state-funded schools are faith schools, which are
attached to religious groups, most often the Church of England or
the Roman Catholic
Church. There are also a small number of state-funded
boarding schools, which typically charge for board but not tuition.

Nearly 90% of state-funded secondary schools are specialist schools,
receiving extra funding to develop one or more subjects in which the school
specialises.

[edit]
School years

The table below describes the most common patterns for schooling in the state
sector in England:

Age on 31 Aug

Year

Curriculum stage

Schools

3

Nursery

Foundation
Stage

Nursery
school

4

Reception

Infant school

Primary school

First school

5

Year 1

Key Stage 1

6

Year 2

7

Year 3

Key Stage 2

Junior school

8

Year 4

9

Year
5

Middle
school

10

Year 6

11

Year 7

Key Stage 3

Secondary
school

Secondary school
with sixth form

12

Year 8

13

Year 9

Upper
school or
High school

14

Year 10

Key Stage 4 / GCSE

15

Year 11

16

Year 12 (Lower Sixth)

Sixth form / A level

College/Sixth form
college

17

Year 13 (Upper
Sixth)

In the vast majority of cases, pupils progress from primary to secondary
levels at age 11; in some areas either or both of the primary and secondary
levels are further subdivided. A few areas have three-tier
education systems with an intermediate middle level from age 9 to 13.

State-funded nursery education is available from the age of 3, and may be
full-time or part-time. If registered with a state school attendance is
compulsory beginning with the term following the child's fifth birthday.
Children can be enrolled in the reception year in September of that school year
thus beginning school at age 4 or 4.5. Unless the student chooses to stay within
the education system school attendance ends on the last Friday in June during
the academic year in which a student attains the age of 16.[11]

Under the National
Curriculum system, all pupils undergo National
Curriculum Tests (NCTs, or colloquially known as SATs) towards the ends of
Key Stage 2 in core subjects, but not foundation subjects, where teacher
assessment is used. They normally take GCSE
exams in the last two years of Key Stage 4, but may take other Level 2
qualifications, such as GNVQ. Former tests at the end of
Key Stage 3 were abandoned after the 2008 tests, when severe problems emerged
concerning the marking procedures. Now at Key Stages 1 and 3, assessment is by
teacher assessment against the National Curriculum Attainment Targets for all
subjects. Tests results for schools are published, and are an important measure
of their performance.[12][13]

Shrewsbury
Sixth Form College in Shropshire.

Years 12 and 13 are often referred to as "lower sixth form" and "upper sixth
form" respectively, reflecting their distinct, voluntary nature and situation as
the A level years. Some
independent schools still refer to years 7 to 11 as "first form" to "fifth
form", reflecting earlier usage. Even more historically, this arose from the
system in public schools, where
all forms were divided into Lower, Upper, and sometimes Middle sections. Year 7
is equivalent to "Upper Third Form", Year 8 would have been known as "Lower
Fourth", and so on. Some independent schools still use this way of counting the
years.

[edit]
Curriculum

Main article: National
Curriculum (England, Wales and Northern Ireland)

All maintained schools in England are required to follow the National
Curriculum, which is made up of twelve subjects.[14]
The core subjects—English, Mathematics and Science—are
compulsory for all students aged 5 to 16. The other foundation subjects are
compulsory at one or more Key Stages:

Art & Design

Citizenship

Design &
Technology

Geography

History

Information
& Communication Technology

Modern Foreign
Languages

Music

Physical
Education

In addition, other statutory subjects are not covered by the National
Curriculum, including Religious Education
in all year groups, and Career education, Sex education and
Work-related learning at secondary age.[14]

[edit]
School governance

Almost all state-funded schools in England are maintained schools, which
receive their funding from LAs, and are required
to follow the national curriculum. In such schools, all teachers are employed
under the nationally-agreed School
Teachers' Pay and Conditions Document.

Since 1998, there have been 4 main types of maintained school in England:[15][16][17]

community schools
(formerly county schools), in which the LA employs the
schools' staff, owns the schools' lands and buildings and has primary
responsibility for admissions.

St Barnabas Church of England Primary School,
Oxford

voluntary
controlled schools, which are almost always church schools, with the lands
and buildings often owned by a charitable foundation. However, the LA employs the
schools' staff and has primary responsibility for admissions.

voluntary aided
schools, linked to a variety of organisations. They can be faith schools
(often the Church of England or
the Roman Catholic
Church), or non-denominational schools, such as those linked to London Livery Companies. The
charitable foundation contributes towards the capital costs of the school, and
appoints a majority of the school governors. The
governing body employs the staff and has primary responsibility for
admissions.[18]

foundation schools,
in which the governing body employs the staff and has primary responsibility
for admissions. The school land and buildings are owned by the governing body
or by a charitable foundation. The Foundation appoints a minority of
governors. Many of these schools were formerly grant maintained
schools. In 2005 the Labour government proposed allowing all schools to
become Foundation schools if they wished.

There are also a smaller number of City Technology
Colleges and academies,
which are secondary schools funded and monitored directly by the Department for
Education.[19]

All state-funded schools are regularly inspected by the Office for
Standards in Education (Ofsted), which publishes reports of the quality of
education at each school. Schools judged by Ofsted to be providing an inadequate
standard of education may be placed in special measures, which
may include replacing the governing body and senior staff.

[edit]
Secondary schools by
intake

Wetherby High
School, a typical former secondary modern school
in Wetherby,
West
Yorkshire

English secondary schools are mostly comprehensive,
except in a few areas that retain a form of the previous selective system (the
Tripartite System),
with students selected for grammar school by the eleven plus exam. There
are also a number of isolated fully selective grammar schools, and a few dozen
partially
selective schools. Specialist schools may also select up to 10% of their
intake for aptitude in the specialism, though relatively few of them have taken
up this option. Also, intakes of comprehensive schools can vary widely,
especially in urban areas with several schools.[20]

Sir
Peter Newsam, Chief Schools Adjudicator 1999–2002, has argued that English
schools can be divided into 8 types (with some overlap) based on the ability
range of their intake:

"super-selective": almost all of the intake from the top 10%. These are
the few highly selective grammar schools that dominate school performance
tables.

"selective": almost all of the intake from the top 25%. These include
grammar schools in areas where the Tripartite system survives.

"comprehensive (plus)": admit children of all abilities, but concentrated
in the top 50%. These include partially selective schools and a few
high-status faith schools in areas
without selection.

comprehensive: intake with an ability distribution matching the
population. These schools are most common in rural areas and small towns with
no nearby selection, but a few occur in urban areas.

"comprehensive (minus)": admit children of all abilities, but with few in
the top 25%. These include comprehensive schools with nearby selective schools
"skimming" the intake.

secondary modern:
hardly any of the intake in the top 25%, but an even distribution of the rest.
These include non-selective schools in areas where the Tripartite system
survives.

"secondary modern (minus)": no pupils in the top 25% and 10–15% in the
next 25%. These schools are most common in urban areas where alternatives of
types 1–5 are available.

"sub-secondary modern": intake heavily weighted toward the low end of the
ability range.

This ranking is reflected in performance tables, and thus the schools'
attractiveness to parents.[21][22]

[edit]
Independent schools

This section requires expansion.

Main article: Independent school
(UK)

Approximately 7% of English schoolchildren attend privately-run independent
schools, some of which are known for historical reasons as "public schools".[4]

Education at independent schools is usually chargeable. Such schools, some of
which are boarding schools, cover
primary and/or secondary education and charge between £2500 and £30000 per
year.[23]
Some schools offer scholarships for those with particular skills or aptitudes or
bursaries to
allow less well-off students to attend.

Traditionally many private schools are single-sex, but a growing number now
are co-educational. Some independent schools take children between age 3-11
transferring to 11-18. Traditional "public schools" such as Westminster and Eton
take boys at 13 years of age. Many students must pass the Common Entrance
Exam at 11 or 13 to gain entry into highly selective schools.

[edit]
Education
otherwise than by schooling

The Education Act requires parents to ensure their children are educated
either by attending school or otherwise. Small but increasing numbers of parents
are choosing the otherwise option.[24][25][26]
This style of education is often referred to as Elective Home Education.[27]
The education can take many different forms[28]
ranging from homeschooling
where a school style curriculum is followed at home to unschooling where any
semblance of structure in the educational provision is abandoned. Parents do not
need permission to educate their own children. There is no requirement to follow
the National Curriculum or to give formal lessons. Parents do not need to be
qualified teachers, or to follow school hours or terms.[29]
Parents who choose to educate their children otherwise than at school have to
finance the education provision themselves.

[edit]
Further education

Main article: Further
education#England

Students at both state schools and independent schools take the GCSE
examinations, which mark the end of compulsory education. Above school leaving
age, the independent and state sectors are similarly structured. In the 16-18
age group, "sixth-form" education is not compulsory.

Students will typically study in either the Sixth Form of a School, a Sixth form college,
or a further education
college. These courses can also be studied by adults over 18. This sector is
referred to as Further Education. All
16-18 students are encouraged (this is only mandatory in some institutions) to
study Key Skills in
Communication, Application of Number and Information Technology.

[edit]
Higher education

The chapel of King's
College, Cambridge
University.

London School of
Economics Library Roof

Main article: Universities
in the United Kingdom

Students normally enter University from 18 onwards
and study for an Academic Degree. All
undergraduate education outside the private University of
Buckingham is largely state financed, with a small contribution from top-up fees. The state does
not control syllabuses, but it does influence admission procedures. Unlike most
degrees, the state still has control over teacher training
courses, and uses Ofsted inspectors to maintain
standards.[30]

The typical first degree offered at
British universities is the Bachelor's degree
(typically three years). Many institutions now offer an undergraduate Master's degree as a
first degree, typically lasting four years. During a first degree students are
known as undergraduates. The
difference in fees between undergraduate and
traditional postgraduate Master's
degrees (and the possibility of securing LEA funding for the former) makes
taking an undergraduate Master's degree as a
first
degree a more attractive option, although the novelty of undergraduate
Master's degrees means that the relative educational merit of the two is
currently unclear.

Some universities offer a vocationally-based Foundation degree,
typically two years in length for those students who hope to continue to take a
first
degree but wish to remain in employment.

[edit]
Postgraduate
education

Students who have completed a first degree are eligible
to undertake a postgraduate degree, which
includes:

Master's degree
(typically taken in one year)

Doctorate
degree (typically taken in three years)

Postgraduate education is not automatically financed by the State, and so
admission is in practice highly competitive.

[edit]
Specialist
qualifications

The University of
Birmingham, a 'Red Brick'
university.

Education: Postgraduate
Certificate in Education (PGCE), Certificate in
Education (Cert Ed), C&G
7407 or Bachelor of
Education (BA or BEd), most of which also incorporate Qualified Teacher
Status (QTS).

Law: Bachelor of Laws
LL.B.

Medicine: Bachelors
of Medicine and Surgery studied at Medical
school (United Kingdom)

Business: Master
of Business Administration MBA.

[edit]
Fees

In the academic year 2009/2010 undergraduates pay tuition fees set at a
maximum £3225 per annum. The fees are repayable after graduation contingent on
attaining a certain level of income, with the state paying all fees for students
from the poorest backgrounds. UK students are generally entitled to student
loans for maintenance.

Postgraduate fees vary but are generally more than undergraduate fees
depending on the degree and university. There are numerous bursaries (awarded to
low income applicants) to offset the undergraduate fees, and for postgraduates,
full scholarships are available for most subjects which are awarded
competitively.

Differing arrangements apply to English students studying in Scotland and Scottish / Welsh students
studying in England. Students from outside of the UK or the EU attending English
universities are charged differing amounts, often in the region of £5000 -
£20000 per annum[31]
for undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. The actual amount differs by
institution and subject, with the lab based subjects charging a greater
amount.

[edit]
Adult education

Adult education, Continuing
education or Lifelong learning is
offered to students of all ages. These can include the vocational qualifications
mentioned above and also:

One or two year access courses to allow
adults access to university.

The Open University runs
undergraduate and postgraduate distance learning programmes.

The Workers'
Educational Association offers large number of semi-recreational courses,
with or without qualifications, are made available by Local Education
Authorities under the guise of Adult Education, such as holiday languages,
crafts and yacht navigation.

[edit]
History

Main article: History of
education in England

[edit]
See also

School uniforms
in England

Education by
country

Education in
Wales

Education in
Scotland

List of schools
in England

National
Union of Students (United Kingdom)

City Learning
Centre

Science Learning
Centres

[edit]
References

^
Annex A: Total Departmental Spending, 7391 Departmental report 2008, Department
for Children, Schools and Families. £43 billion total spending on
schools.

^
Table 1 Total Departmental spending, Departmental
report 2008, Department
for Innovation, Universities and Skills. £14.3 billion spending on HE,
£4.9 billion on FE.

^
Estimate for the United Kingdom, from United Kingdom, CIA World
Factbook

^ a
b
c
Table 1.2: Full-time and Part-time pupils by age, gender and school type, Education and Training Statistics for the United Kingdom:
2008, Department
for Children, Schools and Families. Enrolment at independent schools is
not partitioned by stages in the source, and has been estimated using an equal
division. The error is within the precision of these figures.

^
"Higher Education Enrolments, and Qualifications Obtained, at
Higher Education Institutions in the UK in the Academic Year 2006/07".
Higher Education Statistics Agency. 10 January 2008. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000770/index.shtml.
"The total number of HE enrolments at English HEIs stood at 1,957,195 in
2006/07."

^
"Further Education, Work-Based Learning, Train to Gain and Adult
Safeguarded Learning - Learner Numbers in England: October 2007". Learning
and Skills Council. 10 April 2008. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000779/index.shtml.
"There were 1.75 million learners in LSC-funded FE on 1 October
2007."

^ a
b
"The Level of Highest Qualification Held by Adults: England 2007
(Revised)". Department for Innovation, Universities & Skills. 19 June
2008. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000798/index.shtml.

^ a
b
Education and Skills Act 2008, Office of Public Sector
Information.

^
The Education (Information as to Provision of Education)
(England) Regulations 1994, Statutory Instrument 1994 No. 1256, UK
Parliament.

^
Section 8. Compulsory school age, Education Act 1996, 1996 c.56, UK Parliament.

^ a
b
"School attendance and absence: the law". Directgov. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Parents/Schoolslearninganddevelopment/YourChildsWelfareAtSchool/DG_066966.

^
"National Curriculum teacher assessments and key stage
tests". DirectGov website. H M Government. 2008. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Parents/Schoolslearninganddevelopment/ExamsTestsAndTheCurriculum/DG_10013041. Retrieved 18 February 2008.

^
"School and
college achievement and attainment tables". DCSF website.
Department for Children, Schools and Families. 2008. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/performancetables/. Retrieved 18 February 2008.

^ a
b
"National curriculum". Teachernet. Department for
Children, Schools and Families. 2007. http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/management/atoz/n/nationalcurriculum/. Retrieved 19 February 2008.

^
"Categories of Schools – Overview". GovernorNet. Department
for Children, Schools and Families. 5 September 2003. http://www.governornet.co.uk/cropArticle.cfm?topicAreaId=1&contentId=548&mode=print. Retrieved 10 December 2008.

^
"The Composition of Schools in England" (PDF). Department
for Children, Schools and Families. June 2008. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SBU/b000796/TheCompositionOfSchoolsInEnglandFinal.pdf.

^
Types of School, Citizens Advice
Bureau.

^
"Voluntary Aided Schools". Teachernet. Department
for Children, Schools and Families. 8 January 2008.
http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/management/resourcesfinanceandbuilding/FSP/voluntaryaidedschools/.

^
"What are Academies?". Standards Site. Department
for Children, Schools and Families. http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/academies/what_are_academies/. Retrieved 10 December 2008.

^
Clyde Chitty (16 November 2002). The Right to a Comprehensive Education. Second
Caroline Benn Memorial Lecture. http://www.socialisteducation.org.uk/CB2.htm. Retrieved 22 January 2009.

^
Peter Newsam. "Diversity and Admissions to English Secondary Schools",
Secondary Heads Association, 28 June 2002, revised and reprinted in Forum 45:1 (2003) pp17-18.

^
Tim Brighouse. "Comprehensive Schools Then, Now and in the Future: is it time
to draw a line in the sand and create a new ideal?", Forum 45:1 (2003) pp3-11.

^
"ISC
Annual Census 2009". Independent Schools Council. 29 April 2009. http://www.isc.co.uk/publication_8_0_0_11_561.htm. Retrieved 26 November 2009.

^
Richard Garner (28 January 2002). "Rising number of parents decide they can do a better job than
the education system". The Independent
(London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/rising-number-of-parents-decide-they-can-do-a-better-job-than-the-education-system-671478.html. Retrieved 9 December 2008.

^
Mathew Charles (18 March 2005). "Growth market in home education". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/4362145.stm. Retrieved 9 December 2008.

^
Katie Razzall; Lewis Hannam (26 September 2007). "UK home-school cases soar". Channel 4 News. http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/society/education/uk+homeschool+cases+soar/847157. Retrieved 9 December 2008.

^
"Elective Home Education: Guidelines for Local Authorities"
(PDF). Department
for Children, Schools and Families. 2007. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/localauthorities/_documents/content/7373-DCSF-Elective%20Home%20Education.pdf. Retrieved 10 December 2008.

^
Terri Dowty (editor) (2000). Free Range
Education: How Home Education Works. Hawthorn Press. ISBN 1903458072.

^
"Educating your child at home". Directgov. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Parents/Schoolslearninganddevelopment/ChoosingASchool/DG_4016124. Retrieved 9 December 2008.

^
"Teacher training providers". Office
for Standards in Education. 5 December 2008. http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/Forms-and-guidance/Browse-all-by/Education-and-skills/Teacher-training-providers.

^
"UKCISA - Fees, funding and Student Support". http://www.ukcisa.org.uk/student/fees_student_support.php. Retrieved 25 February 2010.  UK Council for International
Student Affairs > How much will the 'overseas' fee for my course
be?

[edit]
External links

Department for Education

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills

A history of
education in England by Derek Gillard, an advocate of the comprehensive
system

"The Skills for Life survey: A national needs and impact survey
of literacy, numeracy and ICT skills" (PDF), Research Brief RB490
(Department
for Education and Skills), 2003, http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/RB490.pdf

(PDF) Skills for Life: Progress in Improving Adult Literacy and
Numeracy, House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, 14 January
2009, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmpubacc/154/154.pdf

v • d • e

England topics

History

Timeline ·
Prehistoric ·
Roman
Britain · Lloegyr ·
Anglo-Saxon
England (Heptarchy) ·
Kingdom of
England · Norman
conquest · Angevin
Empire · Wars of the
Roses · Tudor
period · Stuart
period · English
Renaissance · English
Reformation · Elizabethan
era · Jacobean
era · Civil
War · Union with
Scotland · Georgian
era · Regency ·
Victorian
era · Edwardian
period · The
Blitz · Maritime
history of England

Politics

Governance
(Elizabethan) ·
Parliament ·
Monarchy ·
Economy
(in
the Middle Ages)

Geography

Regions ·
Counties ·
Districts ·
Gardens ·
Islands ·
Places ·
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Parishes

Demographics

English
language in England · English
people (list)

Culture

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league · Rugby
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Football Union) · Wimbledon

Category · Portal · WikiProject

v • d • e

Education in
England

Key Stages

Foundation
Stage

Nursery · Playgroup · Reception

Key Stage
1

Year
One · Year
Two

Key Stage
2

Year
Three · Year
Four · Year
Five · Year
Six

Key Stage
3

Year
Seven · Year
Eight · Year
Nine

Key Stage
4

Year Ten · Year
Eleven

Key Stage
5

Year
Twelve · Year
Thirteen (Sixth
form)

Schooling

Primary
school (Infant
school · Junior
school) · Middle
school · Secondary
school · Sixth form
college

Exams and Qualifications

SATs · 11
Plus · GCSEs · O-Level · GCEs
(A-Levels) ·

v • d • e

Education in
Europe

Sovereign
states

Albania ·
Andorra ·
Armenia1 ·
Austria ·
Azerbaijan1 ·
Belarus ·
Belgium ·
Bosnia
and Herzegovina · Bulgaria ·
Croatia ·
Cyprus1 ·
Czech
Republic · Denmark ·
Estonia ·
Finland ·
France ·
Georgia1 ·
Germany ·
Greece ·
Hungary ·
Iceland ·
Ireland ·
Italy ·
Kazakhstan2 ·
Latvia ·
Liechtenstein ·
Lithuania ·
Luxembourg ·
Macedonia ·
Malta ·
Moldova ·
Monaco ·
Montenegro ·
Netherlands ·
Norway ·
Poland ·
Portugal ·
Romania ·
Russia2 ·
San
Marino · Serbia ·
Slovakia ·
Slovenia ·
Spain ·
Sweden ·
Switzerland ·
Turkey2 ·
Ukraine ·
United
Kingdom (England • Northern
Ireland • Scotland •
Wales)

States
with limited
recognition

Abkhazia1 ·
Kosovo ·
Nagorno-Karabakh
Republic1 · Northern
Cyprus1 · South
Ossetia1 · Transnistria

Other entities

European
Union

Dependencies,
other
territories

Adjara ·
Akrotiri
and Dhekelia1 ·
Åland ·
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1 Partially
or entirely in Asia, depending on the border
definitions. 2 Transcontinental
country.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_England"

Categories: Education in
England | Secondary
education by country

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